Tape 1: Great Expectations - 12 families introduced
| INTRODUCTION | childhood... 12 families and 5 continents |
| DIVORCE | and family turmoil - effects gender and age - middle childhood |
| COMPLEXITY | of development Kagan - biology, family, culture |
| Home - School - Community influences (past and present) Japan - earth quake preparation in school Adult guidance vs. independence & creativity |
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| New York family - hopes and concerns for their children, and how they plan to nurture their children's individual development |
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| ENVIRONMENTS | Influence on development Escaping a negative environment - Brazil Bronfenbrenner - the organism and total environment Returning home - Brazil - a life of struggle Scarr - Genes and environment interact to create the individual |
| ----------------- ABOUT 35 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| PREGNANCY | and BIRTH - a Cultural look Brazil & Manhattan - Expectations Moscow - Stas (3 year old) & parents - prenatal checkup |
| PRENATAL | Sonogram footage - development and movement At risk factors - diet, disease, drugs, prenatal care, Premature infant (1 1/2 pounds) |
| CHILD BIRTH | Pitocin - Brazil, Moscow, America (father present) Methods: past and present techniques |
| NEWBORN | with mom and dad - Bonding Listening and sucking |
| GROWTH | Developmental changes (cultural context) Birth -------> Adolescence |
Tape 2: Louder than Words - Infancy
| CULTURE | Child Birth in the forest - New Guinea Japan - birth of infant is a family event |
| REFLEXES (3 days) | crying... communication, elecit attention Listening... aware & alert Vision...preference for human face, checkerboard patterns Sound... discrimination, human voice Smell... Sucking... coordination with breathing |
| WATSON | old footage - attitude & conditioning - Blank Slate idea |
| INDIVIDUALITY | Temperament - shaping behavior is both ways - reciprocal socialization KAGAN: Shyness/Sociability prediction tense & thrashing --------> shyness and timid later relaxed & calm -----------> sociable and outgoing later Genetics - neural chemistry - brain activity |
| INFANT MEMORY | Rovie Collier - mobile experiment at 3 months - mental ability, memory |
| GROWTH | Changes - daily care (the bath) - swaddling Toilet training - Japan |
| ----------------- ABOUT 30 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| FAMILY & CULTURE | Baka - rain forest - "the Baka way" - nurturant and closeness Russia - new baby - Stas and father visit hospital (outside window) |
| ADVICE | What is right? Scarr... Children's bureau information Watson... Schedules and training for families Gesell... influence of maturation, with nurturance & nourishment they will grow Spock... importance of early life experiences, relax Cultural differences - separate bedrooms - togetherness, crying |
| NURSING | breast vs bottle feeding Robert Hinde - Schedule or demand feeding; concentrate vs dilute milk Responsive interaction is what is important --- Relationship |
| RELATIONSHIP | Scarr... the importance of the relationship Russia... Advice to parents - infant exercise by parent Kagan... It's genes and environment... together |
Tape 3: Love's Labors - three months ----> 3 years
| RESPONSIVENESS | parent & child - side by side footage - experiment social responsiveness Russia - family life and interaction |
| MEMORY | Kagan in Japan - Object permanence Separation anxiety: Japan 10 months |
| PLAY & LEARNING | Developmental comparisons among infants ( 8 - 15 months) |
| LANGUAGE | Symbols - gestures and meaning deaf family footage - deaf children and ASL New York family - Avery - language development (19 mo - 23 mo) .... (24 mo) - imitation and telegraphic speech .... (28 mo - 30 mo) - sentences and joke |
| ----------------- ABOUT 30 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| FAMILY | Bronfenbrenner - spontaneous interactive intimate, loving relationship importance of MOTHER role - effect of institutionalized separation |
| ATTACHMENT | Harlow footage - research and results - feeding vs contact comfort Nuclear family - changing societies |
| CHILD CARE | Preschool - high quality vs low quality |
| MORALITY | Kagan... awareness of right and wrong (2 year old) The Moral Emotions: shame, anxiety, fear, guilt A hostile, non-nurturant environmnet can bleach out the moral emotions... and cause the individual to lose these controlling emotions |
| BAKA WAY | Close and tender relations - caring for others |
| ACHIEVEMENTS | Italy - puppet show (3 years old) Ability to identify with the feelings of others... Language to think about and describe the world A moral sense to guide behavior A sense of self |
Tape 4: Ties that Bind - Land of the Giants - 3 years ----> 5 years
| SIBLING RIVALRY | Japan... Violin lessons - 4 year old 2 year old & 4 year old comparison Birth order... rivalry and interaction Growing up |
| INDIVIDUAL UNIQUENESS | AND FAMILY STYLES New York... one child cuddly... another picky Scarr... Genes <---> environment interaction Russia... different families - different scripts ...Stas and new baby --- jealousy and anger "I'll kill you!" ... new apartment - Stress, problems with Stas Brazil... siblings and responsibilities to help... real tasks |
| ----------------- ABOUT 20 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| PARENTING STYLES | Russia... parenting - expectaions - cultural values Kagan... Japanese family - play - cultural values Russia... Stas and father ... non-supportive father Coercive physical punishment breeds aggression Stas at the zoo Hinde... Parenting Styles ... harsh control vs moderate control and warmth New York... Christmas and the TRAIN set... broken promise (the deal) ...disappointment, support and respect from family Bronfenbrenner... The family as socializing agent |
| CHILD CARE | Russia... child care center Japan .... Children's Day - Fathers absent NewYork... Child care center - males and females - gender roles |
| BEYOND THE FAMILY | Italy... exploring the cave - 5 year olds Growing independence and courage to face the unknown exploring the unknowns, but trusting the adults to lead them out |
| THE TIES THAT BIND, SECURE US TO EACH OTHER | |
Tape 5: Life's Lessons: Growing minds & bodies - 5 years ----> 7 years
| 5 TO 7 SHIFT | Physical growth spurt - strength, dexterity, motor control, writing Cognitive - brain growth, logic and memory Social - cooperation, responsibility |
| SCHOOL | Russia - Young pioneers 1st day of school - Moscow... New York .... Japan.... Links between home and school .... Russia: family picnic .... Japan: Family studies English together .... Baka: play and work merge together in daily life |
| ----------------- ABOUT 35 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| AGE OF REASON | Conservation, Seriation, Ordering Kagan... Japan - America |
| CULTURE AND TRADITION | drummers - China (1978) - Brazil... school and work U.S. 4th grade math and Rio de Janeiro street smart math kids Japan - math competence - study and service Practice ----> Mastery ----> Competence |
Tape 6: Among Equals: Peer Relations - school age years
| PEERS | Explore away from home... away from parents same-sex peers - friendships Russia - young pioneers - group loyalty - peer pressure Guatemala City - THE ABANDONED ONES ... group solidarity - cooperation - sharing ... rejected by society, they reject societies standards |
| CULTURE & TIME | 1700's in Virginia colony - class differences, culture of the time ...expectation for the future |
| GENDER ROLE | Boys (groups, rough, competitive) Girls (pairs, friendships, cooperation) |
| ----------------- ABOUT 30 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| GENDER DIFFERENCES | Hinde... differences in infants Social stereotypes... sports as example ...Japan - mom encourages soccer for reluctant son ...America - mom coaches soccer for daughter's team |
| SPOCK | recalls his childhood and his mothers expectations and teachings |
| GAMES - RULES - MORALITY | America... casual baseball game - informal, friendly (defined by peers) Japan...... organized baseball game - serious, adult guided Adults set the stage - different approaches - different results |
| KAGAN | recalls his childhood and school Importance of doing something well, sports, school... "Peers can help each other to survive, but it's parents and adult society that determine the course and quality of children's lives." |
| POP CULTURE | Japan... Parents offer support, and help balance the influence of peers and "pop culture" |
Tape 7: House of Tomorrow - Adolescence
| PEERS & CULTURE | New York... 12 & 13 year olds make field trip to Washington DC Parent concerns Brazil ... 13 year old Simone Olivera prepares for Carnival Moscow... Courtship of teens School trip... arrival in Washington DC |
| PUBERTY | physical appearance Body growth & gender differences Peers - cliques - DC school group Baka... Chipping teeth - rite of passage Brazil... Carnival D.C. ... Vietnam Memorial |
| ----------------- ABOUT 30 MINUTES TO THIS POINT ------------------------------------ | |
| DIVORCE | Moscow... thoughts of an adolescent and parents ... transition in the family |
| TEEN PREGNANCY | Apalachia, West Virginia - 50% above national average Unemployment - poverty - loss of hope Giving up adolescence.... Hope is the contraceptive |
| KAGAN | Comparison of Japanese and American cultures... values |
| CONCERNS | School field trip to DC... concerns for war |
| HUMAN ELEMENT | Bronfenbrenner... the importance of the human element Humans create the environments that in turn create the child. Responsibility and opportunity in determining what children will become. |
| KAHLIL GIBRAN | poem... "ON CHILDREN" |