1.  Describe the location and function of the following male reproductive structures:  testes, ducts, accessory glands, penis, scrotum, spermatic cord.

 

2.  Describe the development and structure of the testes to include:  fetal location and development, tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea, seminiferous tubules.

 

3.  Describe the process of spermatogenesis in the testes.

 

4.  Explain the pathway that sperm take from development to ejaculation.  List glands that contribute to semen.

 

5.  Identify by picture the parts of a spermatozoon (sperm).  List the function of each part identified.

 

6.  Discuss causes of cancer.

 

7.  Explain changes that occur in normal cells to become cancer cells.  Include a definition of the following words: 
transformation, proto-oncogene, oncogene, tumor suppressor genes, anaplasia, autonomy, immortal nature, and telomerase.

 

8.  Define steps a cancer cell must undergo to metastasize. 

 

9.  Classify types of tumor markers.  Define qualities that will make a biological substance a good tumor marker. 

 

10.  Describe symptoms of testicular cancer.

 

11.  Define the following terms or medical conditions:  orchiopexy, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, varicocele, parenchyma.

 

12. Explain what tumor markers are used to diagnose and stage testicular cancers and follow the course of the disease. List facts about each tumor marker as described in the case study. 

 

13. Describe the underlying mechanism used in diagnostic imaging to confirm and stage testicular cancer to include:

a.  Ultrasound
b.  Computed tomography

14. Describe organ tropism. List factors that may encourage tropism to specific organs.

15. Define the two main types of testicular cancer. As part of your definition define what a germ cell is.

 

16.  Explain how testicular cancer is staged using the TMN (TMNS) staging system. Explain what each letter of this staging system stands for. Be able to classify a cancer as stage 1, 2, or 3.

 

17.  Explain procedures used to treat testicular cancer and preventative measures to include:  orchiectomy, chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and sperm banking.

 

18.  Define common chemotherapy drugs used to treat testicular cancer.  Describe common side effects of each drug.

 

19.  Discuss the different outcomes of chemotherapy treatment to include a complete response, partial response, stable disease, or disease progression.

 

20.  Define the roles of the following health care professionals that worked together in this case study to diagnose, test, and treat Max’s testicular cancer:  family physician, oncologist, surgeon, pathologist, surgical technologist, nursing, radiology technologists, and medical laboratory scientists.