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Answers
to Case Questions
1.
a. Filter blood to remove waste products and help maintain
substances necessary to the blood.
b. Help control blood pressure
c. Synthesize vitamin D
2.
Cells including RBC's and WBC's
Bacteria
Chemicals including
glucose
pH
concentration
3.
Urine dipstick
Microscopic exam
4.
A blood test that measures chemicals in the blood.
5.
Blood glucose
6.
Sodium. Dehydration, heart or kidney abnormalities.
Potassium. Vomiting or diarrhea. Increased in
kidney failure.
Chloride.
Abnormal changes occur with changes in sodium level.
Bicarbonate. Changes with problems in acid/base balance.
7.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine.
8.
Clinical Laboratory Scientist
9.
pH (acidity), oxygen content, and carbon dioxide content of the
blood.
10.
A physician orders an ABG to detect changes in the patient's
acid-base balance in the blood. This balance is critical.
The lungs and the kidneys regulate acid-base balance. An
ABG can therefore detect respiratory conditions or disease,
kidney function (metabolic), and is also used to monitor oxygen
therapy.
11.
Arterial. Arterial blood is oxygenated blood.
12.
Respiratory therapist.
13.
Systolic: Force on blood vessels from the pumping of the
heart.
Diastolic:
Lowest pressure on the blood vessels when the heart is relaxed.
14.
Heart disease, kidney disease, stroke.
15.
Type I diabetics do not produce insulin. Insulin is
necessary to carry glucose into the cells where it is utilized.
When the cells do not receive energy from carbohydrate breakdown,
the body begins to break down fat as a secondary energy source.
Byproducts of fat breakdown are ketone bodies which lead to the
blood being more acidic than the tissue.
16.
Symptoms include frequent urination and thirst, weight loss,
increased appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle stiffness,
mental stupor, hyperventilation, fruity breath.
17.
Destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas
by the body's own immune system.
18.
Insulin is released as the body's blood glucose (sugar) begins to
rise. The insulin facilitates the transport of the blood
glucose into the cells.
19.
Excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss.
20.
The body's cells are starving because they cannot get the glucose
they need for energy. Glucose levels rise in the
bloodstream because it is not transported into the cells.
The kidneys flush extra water out, trying to get rid of the
excess glucose. This causes dehydration, excessive
urination, and excessive thirst. Because the cells cannot
get the energy they need, the body breaks down fat stores for
energy and weight loss occurs.
21.
Increased glucose levels in the blood and urine. Ketone
bodies are present in the urine in cases of diabetes
ketoacidosis.
22.
A nurse educator specializes in nursing education.
Typically a
nurse educator has a masters or doctorate
degree.
23.
An endocrinologist is a specially trained physician who treats
patients with diseases that affect hormone-producing glands.
24.
Giving too much insulin for the amount of food eaten.
25.
Symptoms vary from individual to individual but may include
anxiety, sweating, tremor, palpitations, nausea, and pallor
headache, mild confusion, and abnormal behavior.
Severe hypoglycemia may lead to
seizure, unconsciousness, and coma.
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