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Answers
to Case Questions
1.
Jason was slumped over, had difficulty breathing, and was
perspiring excessively. He also had pain in his chest,
neck, and arm.
2.
Initial Assessment: Take vitals, perform EKG, check O2
level (O2 Saturation), start I.V., take brief history, and draw
blood for cardiac markers, serum electrolytes, and coagulation
studies.
3.
Treatment: Give oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin, and
morphine if needed.
4.
Lifestyle risks: overweight, stress, smoker, poor diet,
little exercise.
The
following "answers" provide help finding the links
within the web site. From here, the answers should be
self-explanatory.
"The
Heart" Web Site
5.
Link on development on the first page. Then find the link
titled "View the structure of a preserved heart."
6.
Link on "structure" on the first page. From here
link on "blood vessels." From this page you can
link on "artery," "vein," or "capillary"
and explore and learn.
7.
Link on "body systems" on the first page. From
here link on "circulatory" and from here you can go to
"pulmonary," "coronary," and "systemic
8.
Link on "healthy heart" from the first page.
1.
Get plenty of exercise.
2. Follow a good diet.
3. Keep your
heart clean and drug-free.
9.
Check by feel and sound.
Check vital statistics (blood pressure and pulse).
X-ray
Echocardiograph
(Links can be found from first page, "monitor")
10.
(Link on monitor, echocardiography) Echocardiography is the
process of mapping the heart through echoes. The pulses are sent
into
the chest and the high-frequency sound waves bounce off
of the heart's walls and valves. The returning echoes are
electronically plotted to produce a picture of the heart called
an echocardiogram.
11.
(Link on monitor, electrocardiography)
Every time the heart
beats, tiny electrical impulses are discharged. Using a process
called
electrocardiography, those electrical discharges can be
recorded and used to measure the
heart's condition. Several
thin wires are attached to the body. The wires conduct the
electrical
charges into a machine that measures them and
produces a readout.
12.
Link on monitor, exploratory, open heart surgery.
13.
An echocardiogram is also known as ultrasound examination or
sound wave picture of the heart. It uses the same technology
that's used to take
pictures of the fetus in pregnant
women.
The pictures are
taken by a highly trained technician who places a hand-held
plastic ultrasound probe against the patient's chest. The probe
is
connected to a large computer with a video screen. The
probe emits sound waves that pass through the chest to the heart.
The heart then reflects those sound waves back to the probe. The
probe transmits those reflected signals to the computer which
reconstructs them into a picture of the heart. This picture
is displayed on the screen and recorded on videotape or on a
digital storage medium.
14.
An echocardiogram shows:
a.
The sizes of the 4 chambers of the heart.
b. The strength
of the heart muscle.
c. The presence of fluid
around the heart.
d. Problems with the valves
of the heart.
e. Congenital heart disease.
Babies born with holes in their hearts or abnormal connections
between the cardiac chambers can be accurately diagnosed with an
echocardiogram. It can even be done on the unborn fetus to make a
diagnosis so the doctors are ready when the baby is born.
f.
Information about the pressures within the chambers of the
heart.
g. Information about why a person may
have an erratic heart beat.
15.
Echocardiograms do not give a picture of the arteries of the
heart.
16. A radiology technologist with a specialty
in echocardiography.
17.
An electrocardiogram measures the heart rhythms and electrical
impulses.
18.
Beta blockers slow the heart rate decreasing the strain on the
heart and it's need for oxygen.
Streptokinase helps dissolve
blood clots.
Aspirin decreases further blood clot formation.
19.
Cardiac enzymes are elevated following a myocardial infarction.
20.
Most cardiac enzymes do not peak until several hours following a
M.I. (See link for cardiac enzymes).
21.
Clinical Laboratory Scientist
22.
An angiogram is an x-ray picture of dye moving through coronary
arteries. The dye is inserted into a catheter which is
placed inside the heart.
23.
An angiogram is done:
To make a definitive diagnosis of
blocked arteries when other clinical information and tests are
equivocal.
To determine if the blockages in the arteries
are severe enough to be responsible for any symptoms the patient
may be having.
To determine if a patient's blockages would
be best treated by procedures such as an angioplasty or bypass
surgery.
To assess the risk of future heart attacks in
patients who have already had a heart attack or damage to their
heart muscle.
24.
Cardiovascular technologist.
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